Updated: April 2026 · Legal basis is the Montreal Convention (for international flights) and the Warsaw Convention. Compensation amounts are adjusted annually. This is not legal advice – consult a travel lawyer if in doubt.
You've collected your suitcase from the baggage carousel – then the shock: wheels torn off, case cracked, lock broken or the trolley has disappeared entirely. This happens more often than you'd think after a flight. The good news: airlines are liable – if you react quickly and correctly. This guide shows you the 6 most important steps.
The 6 Steps to Damage Compensation
Check suitcase at airport
Inspect your suitcase directly at the baggage carousel before leaving the arrivals hall. Check for dents, broken wheels, damaged locks, cracks in the shell, broken handles. If there's moisture inside: check the contents too.
Fill out PIR (damage report)
Go directly to the airline's baggage desk or Lost & Found. There you fill out a Property Irregularity Report (PIR). This report is the basis for compensation – no PIR, no damage settlement.
Take photos
Photo with mobile: damage, luggage tag, PIR reference. Evidence photos significantly increase the chance of compensation. Don't forget shoes – they show scale.
Report damage in writing
Within 7 days of arrival, damage must be reported in writing to the airline (Montreal Convention). By recorded delivery or via the airline's online form.
For lost luggage: 21-day deadline
For lost luggage, there's a 21-day reporting deadline. After 21 days, luggage is considered permanently lost – then compensation begins.
Apply for compensation
With PIR, photos, purchase receipt for the suitcase and repair or replacement cost invoice, you can apply for compensation. Amount follows Montreal Convention (max. approx. £1,200 for damage/luggage loss).
Important: Without a PIR at the airport, there is no compensation. Therefore: be sure to fill it out before leaving the arrivals hall!
Which damages are covered?
Under the Montreal Convention (international flights) and Warsaw Convention (domestic flights), the following damages are covered:
- Complete loss: Suitcase not found after 21 days – replacement at replacement value
- External damage: Cracks, dents, broken wheels, locks
- Internal damage: damaged contents (e.g. broken gift)
- Delay damage: when luggage arrives late (compensation for necessary purchases whilst away)
Not covered are:
- Pre-existing damage: Scratches, age-related wear
- Normal handling: Small stains, light marks from baggage belt
- Fragile items without "Fragile" marking
- Valuables in luggage: Cash, jewellery, electronics, cameras – these belong in carry-on luggage
- Perishable goods: Food, plants
Liability limits – how much compensation?
The maximum liability under the Montreal Convention is approximately £1,200 (1,288 Special Drawing Rights, current rate). For higher values in luggage (e.g. expensive camera, laptop), it's worth considering:
- Additional luggage insurance: £25–65 per year, higher liability limits
- Home contents insurance: check if luggage damage is covered
- Credit card travel insurance: many cards include luggage insurance
Lost luggage: immediate assistance up to £1,200
For lost lug
